Mining, Energy, Extractive Contour Consulting Engineers
Today, contour mining seems almost artisanal. Since the 1990s, half the region's coal has come from "mountaintop removal," a slightly too-clinical term for demolishing and redistributing.
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Contour mining is a common form of Appalachian surface mining that extracts coal from outcrops along the sides of steep hills (Fig. 1), often following the coal seam around the hillside. The overburden above the coal seam is removed and then the coal is removed.
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The main mining methods may be briefly classified as Strip Mining, Terrace Mining, and the Conical Pit Mining (next section). 8.1.1 Strip Mining. There are two main categories. 8.1.1.1 Contour Mining. Usually in hilly terrain where a steep slope limits the width that can be economically mined from the mineral out crop.
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4. Strip mining. Strip mining is the process of eliminating overburden above a seam or layer of material, such as coal, and then mining the exposed matter. A common type of strip mining is called contour mining. Contour mining removes the overburden layer from hilly terrain where the seam is roughly the same height along the hillside.
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One is known as area mining, and is applicable when the terrain is relatively flat; and the other is contour mining, better suited for mountains regions. A few examples of commodities mined by this method include coal and phosphate. Quarrying. Quarrying is a method of extracting dimension stone. The term dimension stone encompasses certain.
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Contour mining is a version of strip mining that follows the contours of outcrops and hilly terrains. Usually, the mineral seam follows the contour of the outcrop, and the overburden is removed carefully along the seam in much smaller and custom shaped excavations rather than long strips. Open-Pit Mining
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Contour strip mining. Contour mining is commonly practiced where a coal seam outcrops in rolling or hilly terrain. Basically, the method consists of removing the overburden above the coal seam and then, starting at the outcrop and proceeding along the hillside, creating a bench around the hill. In the past, the blasted overburden spoil was.
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Contour mining exploits. flat-lying strata exposed on hillslopes by removing a band of overburden at a given elevation to expose the coal seam. The mine is extended.
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Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit. Contour mining involves removing the overburden above the mineral seam near an outcrop in hilly terrain,.
Photo 2 After mining has been completed, the area is resculpted to
Contour mining methods evolved to allow the economic extraction of coal using smaller and more agile equipment with more flexible mining patterns. As with area mining, it is necessary to remove the vegetation and remove the overburden to gain access to the coal seam. There are two ways to handle the removed overburden: haul it all the way down.
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Contour Mining: COAL, one of the most important mineral has been valued for many purposes since 1880's and it has been used to generate electricity and utilized for multipurpose operations. The process of Coal mining has developed over the years and different methods have been evolved to extract the mineral which is available in different.
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Surface mining is accomplished through two general approaches: area mining and contour mining. Area mining involves a broad region where the mineral is relatively near the surface and the terrain is not steep. Mining involves the creation of a long series of parallel pits, which are then reclaimed even as the active mine proceeds in one direction.
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Contour Mining The overburden above the approximately horizontal coal beds in the mountainous areas (Figure 5.1) of the Appalachian Coal Basin is removed in a stepwise procedure that includes topsoil removal and overburden blasting and removal to expose the coal seam. The spoil from the first cut in a contour operation may be stored for.
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strip mining, removal of soil and rock (overburden) above a layer or seam (particularly coal), followed by the removal of the exposed mineral.. The common strip-mining techniques are classified as area mining or contour mining on the basis of the deposit geometry and type. The cycle of operations for both techniques consists of vegetation clearing, soil removal, drilling and blasting of.
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The primary surface mining method in Appalachia, contour mining, extracts coal from geologic outcrops along the side of a hill or mountain, often following the coal-seam outcrop for some distance. Overburden above the coal is excavated then coal is removed (Fig. 3). Early surface mines were subject to few laws or regulations requiring.
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A special highwall mining machine advance into the coal seam. Its cutting head removes the coal and moves it to conveyor cars attached to the machine. 1.8.1.11. Auger mining. Working on a contour mining bench, or in an open mine pit, horizontal holes are drilled up to a distance of 300 ft into a coal seam. The coal is removed by a special auger.
